An overview of the trend of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran in recent years

Najafi, Hamideh; Khanizadeh, Sayyad; Hataminejad, Maryam; Pouladi, Iman

doi:10.22034/jahid.2024.714315

An overview of the trend of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran in recent years

Document Type : Review

Authors

Hamideh Najafi ¹

Sayyad Khanizadeh ²

Maryam Hataminejad ³

Iman Pouladi ⁴

¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.

³ Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran

⁴ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran

10.22034/jahid.2024.714315

Abstract

Background and Aim: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a common disease between humans and livestock. Butchers and slaughterhouse workers are high-risk occupational groups for this disease. After a short incubation period, the disease is characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, and abdominal pain, and in severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations, ranging from petechia to large areas of ecchymosis. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick and through direct contact with the blood or tissue of infected humans and animals.
Materials and Methods: Our search in MEDLINE included PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science (ISI), Google Scholar (as English database) and Magiran, Iran Medex, Iran Doc and SID (as Farsi databases) with the following terms were used: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Nairovirus, Bunyaviridae, molecular diagnosis, serology, epidemiology, Iran.
Results: Based on the results of this study, it was determined that in Iran, positive cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever occur mostly in men and in high-risk occupational groups such as slaughterhouse workers and butchers, farmers and ranchers, veterinarians, and health care workers is created. It was also found that the most cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran occurred in the northeast, east, and southeast regions of the country, and according to the results of this report, Hialoma mite species are the dominant disease vector in the region.
Conclusion: Considering the rising trend of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in high-risk occupational groups in the country, there is a need to hold training courses to increase the level of knowledge, attitude and performance of these groups in relation to the disease and the maximum use of personal protective equipment during Daily work, as well as preventive measures such as the use of tick killers, are very necessary to prevent people from coming in contact with ticks.

Keywords

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever disease

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Bunyaviridae

Iran

Subjects

Virology

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