مروری کلی بر روند بیماری تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه کنگو در ایران طی سال های اخیر

نجفی, حمیده; خانی زاده, صیاد; حاتمی نژاد, مریم; پولادی, ایمان

doi:10.22034/jahid.2024.714315

مروری کلی بر روند بیماری تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه کنگو در ایران طی سال های اخیر

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

حمیده نجفی ¹

صیاد خانی زاده ²

مریم حاتمی نژاد ³

ایمان پولادی ⁴

¹ گروه میکروبیولوژی و ایمونولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

² مرکز تحقیقات هپاتیت، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

³ گروه انگل شناسی و قارچ شناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران.

⁴ گروه میکروبیولوژی و ایمونولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

10.22034/jahid.2024.714315

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه کنگو (CCHF) یک بیماری مشترک بین انسان و دام است. قصابان و کارگران کشتارگاه از گروه های شغلی پرخطر برای این بیماری محسوب می شوند. پس از یک دوره کمون کوتاه، بیماری با تب ناگهانی، لرز، سردرد شدید، سرگیجه و درد شکمی مشخص می شود و در موارد شدید، تظاهرات هموراژیک، از پتشی تا مناطق بزرگ اکیموز ایجاد می شود. ویروس تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه کنگو از طریق نیش کنه آلوده و از طریق تماس مستقیم با خون یا بافت انسان و دام آلوده به انسان منتقل می شود.
مواد و روش: جستجوی ما در MEDLINE شامل PubMed، Scopus، Science Direct، Web of Science (ISI)، Google Scholar (به عنوان پایگاه داده انگلیسی) و Magiran، Iran Medex، Iran Doc و SID (به عنوان پایگاه های فارسی) با استفاده از عبارات زیر: ویروس تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه کنگو(CCHFV) ، نایروویروس، Bunyaviridae، تشخیص مولکولی، سرولوژی، اپیدمیولوژی، ایران بود.
نتایج: براساس نتایج حاصل از مطالعه حاضر مشخص گردید که موارد مثبت مبتلا به بیماری تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه کنگو در ایران بیشتر در مردان و در گروه های شغلی پرخطر همانند کارگران و قصابان کشتارگاه ها، کشاورزان و دامداران، دامپزشکان و کارکنان مراقبت های بهداشتی رخ داده است. همچنین مشخص گردید که بیشترین موارد ابتلا به بیماری تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه کنگو در ایران در نواحی شمال شرق، شرق و جنوب شرق کشور رخ داده است که طبق نتایج این گزارش گونه های کنه هیالوما گونه غالب ناقل بیماری در منطقه می باشند.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به روند صعودی بیماری تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه کنگو در گروه های شغلی پرخطر در داخل کشور نیاز به برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی برای افزایش سطح دانش، نگرش و عملکرد این گروه‌ها در رابطه با بیماری و استفاده حداکثری از وسایل حفاظت فردی در حین کار روزانه، همچنین راهکارهای پیشگیرانه مانند استفاده از کنه کش ها به منظور جلوگیری از تماس افراد با کنه ها بسیار ضروری می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیماری تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه کنگو

اپیدمیولوژی

تشخیص

بونیاویریده

ایران

موضوعات

ویروس شناسی

عنوان مقاله English

An overview of the trend of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran in recent years

نویسندگان English

Hamideh Najafi ¹

Sayyad Khanizadeh ²

Maryam Hataminejad ³

Iman Pouladi ⁴

¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.

³ Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran

⁴ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran

چکیده English

Background and Aim: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a common disease between humans and livestock. Butchers and slaughterhouse workers are high-risk occupational groups for this disease. After a short incubation period, the disease is characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, and abdominal pain, and in severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations, ranging from petechia to large areas of ecchymosis. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick and through direct contact with the blood or tissue of infected humans and animals.
Materials and Methods: Our search in MEDLINE included PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science (ISI), Google Scholar (as English database) and Magiran, Iran Medex, Iran Doc and SID (as Farsi databases) with the following terms were used: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Nairovirus, Bunyaviridae, molecular diagnosis, serology, epidemiology, Iran.
Results: Based on the results of this study, it was determined that in Iran, positive cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever occur mostly in men and in high-risk occupational groups such as slaughterhouse workers and butchers, farmers and ranchers, veterinarians, and health care workers is created. It was also found that the most cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran occurred in the northeast, east, and southeast regions of the country, and according to the results of this report, Hialoma mite species are the dominant disease vector in the region.
Conclusion: Considering the rising trend of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in high-risk occupational groups in the country, there is a need to hold training courses to increase the level of knowledge, attitude and performance of these groups in relation to the disease and the maximum use of personal protective equipment during Daily work, as well as preventive measures such as the use of tick killers, are very necessary to prevent people from coming in contact with ticks.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever disease

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Bunyaviridae

Iran

1. Kassari H, Dehghani R, Kasiri M, Dehghani M, Kasiri R. A review on the reappearance of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, a tick-borne nairovirus. Entomology and Applied Science Letters 2020; 7(1): 81-90.

2. Mostafavi E, Pourhossein B, Esmaeili S, Amiri FB, Khakifirouz S, Shah-Hosseini N, Tabatabaei SM. Seroepidemiology and risk factors of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever among butchers and slaughterhouse workers in southeastern Iran. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2017; 64: 85-9.

3. Drosten C, Kümmerer BM, Schmitz H, Günther S. Molecular diagnostics of viral hemorrhagic fevers. Antiviral Res 2003; 57(1): 61–87.

4. Shahhosseini N, Chinikar S, Shams E, Nowotny N, Fooks AR. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever cases in the north of Iran have three distinct origins. Virus Dis 2017; 28(1): 50–3.

5. Jabbari A, Tabasi S, Abbasi A, Alijanpour E. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Treatment and control strategy in admitted patients. Caspian J Intern Med 2012; 3(2): 443–4.

6. Ibrahim AM, Adam IA, Osman BT, Aradaib IE. Epidemiological survey of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in cattle in East Darfur State, Sudan. Ticks and tick-borne diseases 2015; 6(4): 439-44.

7. Ince Y, Yasa C, Metin M, Sonmez M, Meram E, Benkli B, Ergonul O. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever infections reported by ProMED. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2014; 26: 44-6.

8. Peyrefitte C, Marianneau P, Tordo N, Bouloy M. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 2015; 34(2): 391-401.

9. Whitehouse CA. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral research 2004; 64(3):145-60.

10. Chinikar S, Goya MM, Shirzadi MR, Ghiasi SM, Mirahmadi R, Haeri A, Moradi M, Afzali N, Rahpeyma M, Zeinali M, Meshkat M. Surveillance and laboratory detection system of Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever in Iran. Transboundary and emerging diseases 2008; 55(5‐6): 200-4.

11. Jafari A, Rasekh M, Saadati D, Faghihi F, Fazlalipour M. Molecular detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus in hard ticks from South Khorasan, east of Iran. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 2022; 59(3): 241-5.

12. Choubdar N, Oshaghi MA, Rafinejad J, Pourmand MR, Maleki-Ravasan N, Salehi-Vaziri M, Telmadarraiy Z, Karimian F, Koosha M, Rahimi-Foroushani A, Masoomi S. Effect of meteorological factors on Hyalomma species composition and their host preference, seasonal prevalence and infection status to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2019; 13(3): 268.

13. Sadeghi H, Nikkhahi F, Maleki MR, Simiari A, Bakht M, Khoei SG. Status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in Iran: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Microbial Pathogenesis 2023: 106153.

14. Sedaghat MM, Sarani M, Chinikar S, Telmadarraiy Z, Moghaddam AS, Azam K, Nowotny N, Fooks AR, Shahhosseini N. Vector prevalence and detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Golestan Province, Iran. J Vector Borne Dis 2017; 54(4): 353.

15. Ahmadkhani M, Alesheikh AA, Khakifirouz S, Salehi-Vaziri M. Space-time epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Iran. Ticks and tick-borne diseases 2018; 9(2): 207-16.

16. Hanafi-Bojd AA, Jafari S, Telmadarraiy Z, Abbasi-Ghahramanloo A, Moradi-Asl E. Spatial distribution of ticks (Arachniada: Argasidae and Ixodidae) and their infection rate to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Virus in Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2021; 15(1): 41.

17. Karimi I, Rostami Jalilian M, Chinikar S, Ataei B, Kasaeian N, Jalali N, et al. Seroepidemiologic survey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among slaughters and butchers in Isfahan. JIMS 2007; 24(83): 62–57.

18. Hadinia A, Mousavizadeh A, Tori MA, Khosravani SA. Seroepidemiology of CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever in High Risk Professions in Yasuj. JMUMS 2012; 22 (92): 45–50.

19. Chinikar S, Hezareh Moghadam AH, Parizadeh SMJ, Moradi M, Bayat N, Zeinali M, et al. Seroepidemiology of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in slaughterhouse workers in North Eastern Iran. Iran J Public Health 2012; 41(11): 72.

20. Salehi-Vaziri M, Baniasadi V, Jalali T, Mirghiasi SM, Azad-Manjiri S, Zarandi R, Mohammadi T, Khakifirouz S, Fazlalipour M. The first fatal case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever caused by the AP92-like strain of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Japanese journal of infectious diseases 2016; 69(4): 344-6.

21. Saghafipour A, Mousazadeh-Mojarrad A, Arzamani N, Telmadarraiy Z, Rajabzadeh R, Arzamani K. Molecular and seroepidemiological survey on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus in Northeast of Iran. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran 2019; 33:41.

22. Aslani D, Salehi-Vaziri M, Baniasadi V, Jalali T, Azad-Manjiri S, Mohammadi T, Khakifirouz S, Fazlalipour M. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among children in Iran. Archives of virology 2017; 162: 721-5.

23. Nili S, Khanjani N, Jahani Y, Bakhtiari B. The effect of climate variables on the incidence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Zahedan, Iran. BMC Public Health 2020; 20: 1-9.

24. Zamanian MH, Nouri R, Shirvani M, Mohseniafshar Z, Miladi R, Mehdizad R, Yavari S. Evaluation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Kermanshah (2006-2020). Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2023; 25(3).

25. Shahbazi N, Firouz SK, Karimi M, Mostafavi E. Seroepidemiological survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever among high-risk groups in the west of Iran. Journal of vector borne diseases 2019; 56(2): 174-7.

26. Ahmadkhani M, Alesheikh AA, Khakifirouz S, Salehi-Vaziri M. Space-time epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Iran. Ticks and tick-borne diseases 2018; 9(2): 207-16.

27. Salehi-Vaziri M, Vatandoost H, Sanei-Dehkordi A, Fazlalipour M, Pouriayevali MH, Jalali T, Mohammadi T, Tavakoli M, Paksa A, Abadi YS. Molecular assay on detection of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in ixodid ticks collected from livestock in slaughterhouse from South of Iran. Journal of arthropod-borne diseases 2020; 14(3): 286.

28. Zeinali M, Doosti S, Amiri B, Godwin GN, Mehdizad R. A Case Report of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Iran. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2023; 18(5). 1-4.

29. Maghsood H, Nabian S, Shayan P, Jalali T, Darbandi MS, Ranjbar MM. Molecular epidemiology and phylogeny of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus of ixodid ticks in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2020; 14(4): 400.

30. Rastgoo S, Shokoohi G, Ghorbaani Barnaaji H, Abolghazi A. Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks Isolated from Ruminants in Jahrom, Fars Province, Southern Iran. Caspian Journal of Health Research 2023; 8(3): 171-6.

31. Talaie P, Sedaghat MM, Mostafavi E, Telmadarraiy Z, Rouhani M, Salehi-Vaziri M. A Survey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks of Shahr-e Ray, Iran, 2016-2017. Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2020; 8(2): 56-9.

32. Soozangar N, Jeddi F, Mohammadi Ghalehbin B, Spotin A, Molaei S, Habibzadeh S, Mohammadshahi J, Mirzanejad-Asl H, Dogaheh HP. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Northwestern Iran. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4660659 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4660659

33. Farhadpour F, Telmadarraiy Z, Chinikar S, Akbarzadeh K, Moemenbellah‐Fard MD, Faghihi F, Fakoorziba MR, Jalali T, Mostafavi E, Shahhosseini N, Mohammadian M. Molecular detection of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from infested livestock populations in a New Endemic Area, South of Iran. Tropical Medicine & International Health 2016; 21(3): 340-7.

34. Champour M, Chinikar S, Mohammadi G, Razmi G, Shah-Hosseini N, Khakifirouz S, Mostafavi E, Jalali T. Molecular epidemiology of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus detected from ticks of one humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) population in northeastern Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 2016; 40: 110-5.

35. Mostafavi E, Haghdoost A, Khakifirouz S, Chinikar S. Spatial analysis of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2013; 89(6): 1135.

36. Perveen N, Khan G. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: a systematic review. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022; 9: 938601.

37. Davoodi L, Mousavi T, Sahabi M, Jalali H. Clinical, Laboratory, and Epidemiological Findings in Patients with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Mazandaran Province, 2014-2018. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2023; 33(224): 150-6.

38. Saleem M, Tanvir M, Akhtar MF, Saleem A. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: etiology, diagnosis, management and potential alternative therapy. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020; 13(4): 143-51.

39. Raabe VN. Diagnostic testing for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Journal of clinical microbiology 2020; 58(4): 10-128.

40. Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi A, Goya MM, Shirzadi MR, Zeinali M, Haeri A. An overview of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2009; 1(1): 7-12.

41. Shayan S, Bokaean M, Shahrivar MR, Chinikar S. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Laboratory medicine 2015; 46(3): 180-9.

42. Mardani M, KESHTKAR JM. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Archives of Iranian Medicine 2007; 10(2): 204-2014.

43. Raabe VN. Diagnostic testing for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Journal of clinical microbiology 2020; 58(4): 10-128.

44. Saleem M, Tanvir M, Akhtar MF, Saleem A. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: etiology, diagnosis, management and potential alternative therapy. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020; 13(4): 143-51.